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<p>一直以来，作为开发者，Windows 相较于 Linux 都缺少两样重要的工具，</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>好用</strong>的 Shell - 现在可以用 PowerShell Core 或者 WSL 暂时代替。</li>
<li><strong>好用</strong>的包管理器 - 在开发时 C/Cpp 的库可以用<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">VCPKG</a>，而日常使用的软件就可以使用本文的主角<a href="https://github.com/lukesampson/scoop" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Scoop</a> 了。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="安装"><a class="header-anchor" href="#安装"></a>安装</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>按照官网的<a href="https://github.com/lukesampson/scoop/wiki/Quick-Start" target="_blank" rel="noopener">教程</a>,只能使用 PowerShell 而不是 CMD 进行安装。</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="language-powershell"># 指定 Scoop 的安装路径，之后安装的 APP 会安装在 path/to/scoop/apps/
$env:SCOOP='path/to/scoop'
[environment]::setEnvironmentVariable('SCOOP',$env:SCOOP,'User')
# 安装 Scoop
Invoke-Expression (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://get.scoop.sh')
</code></pre>
<h3 id="Buckets"><a class="header-anchor" href="#Buckets"></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesampson/scoop/wiki/Buckets" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Buckets</a></h3>
<p>Scoop 只是一个包安装器，我们还需要软件源。</p>
<p>使用，</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">scoop bucket known
</code></pre>
<p>可以列出所有官方已知并推荐的源，使用，</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">scoop bucket add &lt;bucket-name&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>即可安装源。</p>
<ol>
<li><code>main</code> - Scoop 官方默认主源，里面所有的软件符合<a href="https://github.com/lukesampson/scoop/wiki/Criteria-for-including-apps-in-the-main-bucket" target="_blank" rel="noopener">标准</a>。</li>
<li><code>extras</code> - Scoop 官方扩展你源，里面的软件不完全符合标准。</li>
<li><code>versions</code> - 可选版本的源。</li>
<li><code>nightlies</code> - nightly 软件源，不推荐。</li>
<li><code>nirsoft</code> - <a href="https://nirsoft.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nir Sofer</a>开发的软件。</li>
<li><code>php</code> - 不同版本的 php。</li>
<li><code>nerd-fonts</code> - <a href="https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nerd Fonts</a> 和一些其他字体。</li>
<li><code>nonportable</code> - 非便携软件（可能需要 UAC）。</li>
<li><code>java</code> - 不同版本的 JDK，JRE。</li>
<li><code>games</code> - 开源或免费的游戏以及游戏工具。</li>
<li><code>jetbrains</code> - JetBrains 全家桶。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="使用"><a class="header-anchor" href="#使用"></a>使用</h2>
<p>和 Ubuntu 的 apt，CentOS 的 yum 基本相同。</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell"># 搜索
scoop search &lt;package-name&gt;
# 查看主页
scoop home &lt;package-name&gt;
# 安装
scoop install &lt;package-name&gt;
# 更新
scoop update &lt;package-name&gt;
# 卸载
scoop uninstall &lt;package-name&gt;
# 更新 Scoop，所有源，所有软件包
scoop update *
# 列出所有软件包
scoop list
</code></pre>
<h2 id="推荐的软件包"><a class="header-anchor" href="#推荐的软件包"></a>推荐的软件包</h2>
<h3 id="aria2"><a class="header-anchor" href="#aria2"></a><a href="https://aria2.github.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">aria2</a></h3>
<p>基本上常见的所有开源下载软件都是基于这个，不但可以跑在 x86 的电脑上， mips 的路由器，arm 的手机都不是问题。</p>
<p>需要注意的是，安装 aria2 后，Scoop 的默认下载器会自动改成 aria2，并开启多线程下载。</p>
<h3 id="7zip"><a class="header-anchor" href="#7zip"></a><a href="https://www.7-zip.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">7zip</a></h3>
<p>界面超原始，但是替代个收费的 WinRAR，以及一众国内带广告的解压软件不是问题。同时 Scoop 有时候也依赖于 7zip 来解压。</p>
<h3 id="adb"><a class="header-anchor" href="#adb"></a><a href="https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/platform-tools.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">adb</a></h3>
<p>有的时候连个安卓手机就需要这个东西，虽然我不做安卓开发，但是我玩过<a href="https://github.com/chiqj/WechatJump" target="_blank" rel="noopener">微信跳一跳</a>呀。</p>
<h3 id="bat"><a class="header-anchor" href="#bat"></a><a href="https://github.com/sharkdp/bat" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bat</a></h3>
<p><img src="//davidz.cn/static/blog/2020-02-03-windows-package-manager-scoop/bat.png" alt="bat"></p>
<p>用于代替 cat，带行号，带高亮，可<code>tail -f</code>。</p>
<h3 id="cpu-z"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cpu-z"></a><a href="https://www.cpuid.com/softwares/cpu-z.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cpu-z</a></h3>
<p><img src="//davidz.cn/static/blog/2020-02-03-windows-package-manager-scoop/cpuz.png" alt="cpuz"></p>
<p>著名的 CPU 信息查看软件。</p>
<h3 id="fiddler"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fiddler"></a><a href="https://www.telerik.com/fiddler" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fiddler</a></h3>
<p>著名的抓包软件，大学机考神器（CCTR-E 的题目和答案一起传输，哈哈哈）。</p>
<h3 id="figlet"><a class="header-anchor" href="#figlet"></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesampson/figlet" target="_blank" rel="noopener">figlet</a></h3>
<p><img src="//davidz.cn/static/blog/2020-02-03-windows-package-manager-scoop/figlet.png" alt="figlet"></p>
<p>把字符串改成字符串图像，还有好几个主题，现在知道那些文档的开头是怎么生成了吧😄。</p>
<h3 id="git"><a class="header-anchor" href="#git"></a><a href="https://gitforwindows.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">git</a></h3>
<p>什么，你没听说过 git ！！！，右上角，再见😢。</p>
<h3 id="motrix"><a class="header-anchor" href="#motrix"></a><a href="https://motrix.app/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">motrix</a></h3>
<p><img src="//davidz.cn/static/blog/2020-02-03-windows-package-manager-scoop/motrix.png" alt="motrix"></p>
<p>使用 Electron 开发的 aria2 GUI 客户端，可惜不能指定 aria2，只能使用自带的。</p>
<h3 id="neofetch"><a class="header-anchor" href="#neofetch"></a><a href="https://github.com/dylanaraps/neofetch" target="_blank" rel="noopener">neofetch</a></h3>
<p><img src="//davidz.cn/static/blog/2020-02-03-windows-package-manager-scoop/neofetch.png" alt="neofetch"></p>
<p>当你想截个屏，展示一下你的 Terminal 又不知道放什么内容时，就它了。</p>
<h3 id="psutils"><a class="header-anchor" href="#psutils"></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesampson/psutils" target="_blank" rel="noopener">psutils</a></h3>
<p>Scoop 同开发者开发的一系列 PowerShell 工具，我就说 PS 在国外还是很火的吧。</p>
<ul>
<li>gitignore - 从 <a href="http://gitignore.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener">gitignore.io</a> 获取 .gitignore 文件模板并打印出来。</li>
<li>ln - 类似于 Linux 的 ln，实现&quot;软连接&quot;。</li>
<li>runat - at 命令（微软从 Windows Server 2012 开始废弃）。</li>
<li>say - 类似于 MacOS 的 say，让电脑说话。</li>
<li>shasum - 类似于 Linux 下的 shasum，校验文件。</li>
<li>sudo - 类似于 Linux 的 sudo，但是会显示 UAC 弹出窗口。</li>
<li>time - 类似 Linux 的 time，显示程序运行时间。</li>
<li>touch - 类似 Linux 的 touch，创建文件。</li>
<li>vimtutor - 因为 Scoop 中的 vim 自带的 vimtutor 无法使用，所以有了这个。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="snipaste"><a class="header-anchor" href="#snipaste"></a><a href="https://www.snipaste.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">snipaste</a></h3>
<p><img src="https://i.v2ex.co/71Ftp04b.png" alt="snipaste"></p>
<p>带边缘检测的强大截图软件。</p>
<h3 id="spacesniffer"><a class="header-anchor" href="#spacesniffer"></a><a href="http://www.uderzo.it/main_products/space_sniffer/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">spacesniffer</a></h3>
<p><img src="//davidz.cn/static/blog/2020-02-03-windows-package-manager-scoop/spacesniffer.png" alt="spacesniffer"></p>
<p>想知道那个文件夹占用了你的 C 盘最多？</p>
<h3 id="teamviewer"><a class="header-anchor" href="#teamviewer"></a><a href="https://www.teamviewer.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">teamviewer</a></h3>
<p>在山威如何快速获得妹子的 QQ，微信和手机号？加入<a href="https://www.baidu.com/link?url=FSXLyJOtkvCZMj4zl2J-mFLG0Q1GrF6rysPOH8fHKwIAF44VnyyhI7fUML9i99xH&amp;wd=&amp;eqid=cbce32e700025b47000000065e37cf45" target="_blank" rel="noopener">极客鸟</a>，用 Teamviewer 帮妹子修电脑吧。</p>
<h3 id="wget"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wget"></a><a href="https://eternallybored.org/misc/wget/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wget</a></h3>
<p>下载个 1kb 的文本文件还需要动用迅雷？aria2？<code>wget</code>一行命令搞定。</p>
<h3 id="win32-openssh"><a class="header-anchor" href="#win32-openssh"></a><a href="https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH" target="_blank" rel="noopener">win32-openssh</a></h3>
<p>微软已经把 ssh 迁移到 Windows 平台上啦。</p>
<h3 id="winscp"><a class="header-anchor" href="#winscp"></a><a href="https://winscp.net/eng/docs/lang:chs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">winscp</a></h3>
<p><img src="//davidz.cn/static/blog/2020-02-03-windows-package-manager-scoop/winscp.png" alt="winscp"></p>
<p>图形化管理服务器的文件。</p>
<h2 id="软件结构"><a class="header-anchor" href="#软件结构"></a>软件结构</h2>
<p><img src="//davidz.cn/static/blog/2020-02-03-windows-package-manager-scoop/tree.png" alt="目录结构"></p>
<p>虽然结构还是很清晰的，但不得不说，这几个名字起的太谜了。</p>
<h3 id="apps"><a class="header-anchor" href="#apps"></a>apps</h3>
<p>这个目录下面时所有安装的软件包。每个软件包都是这样的，</p>
<p><img src="//davidz.cn/static/blog/2020-02-03-windows-package-manager-scoop/apps.png" alt="apps"></p>
<p>每个 app 的 current 都指向最新的那个文件夹。</p>
<h3 id="buckets"><a class="header-anchor" href="#buckets"></a>buckets</h3>
<p><img src="//davidz.cn/static/blog/2020-02-03-windows-package-manager-scoop/buckets.png" alt="buckets"></p>
<p>这个目录下是所有安装的源。</p>
<p>实际上每个源只是一个单独的 git 仓库，仓库里面有该源的所有软件包的信息文件。Scoop 依照这个信息文件安装配置软件包。</p>
<p>比如 7zip 的，</p>
<pre><code class="language-json">{
&quot;homepage&quot;: &quot;https://www.7-zip.org/&quot;,
&quot;description&quot;: &quot;A multi-format file archiver with high compression ratios&quot;,
&quot;license&quot;: {
&quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;Freeware,LGPL-2.0-only,BSD-3-Clause&quot;,
&quot;url&quot;: &quot;https://www.7-zip.org/license.txt&quot;
},
&quot;version&quot;: &quot;19.00&quot;,
&quot;architecture&quot;: {
&quot;64bit&quot;: {
&quot;url&quot;: &quot;https://7-zip.org/a/7z1900-x64.msi&quot;,
&quot;hash&quot;: &quot;a7803233eedb6a4b59b3024ccf9292a6fffb94507dc998aa67c5b745d197a5dc&quot;
},
&quot;32bit&quot;: {
&quot;url&quot;: &quot;https://7-zip.org/a/7z1900.msi&quot;,
&quot;hash&quot;: &quot;b49d55a52bc0eab14947c8982c413d9be141c337da1368a24aa0484cbb5e89cd&quot;
}
},
&quot;extract_dir&quot;: &quot;Files/7-Zip&quot;,
&quot;bin&quot;: &quot;7z.exe&quot;,
&quot;checkver&quot;: {
&quot;url&quot;: &quot;https://www.7-zip.org/download.html&quot;,
&quot;regex&quot;: &quot;Download 7-Zip ([\\d.]+)&quot;
},
&quot;autoupdate&quot;: {
&quot;architecture&quot;: {
&quot;64bit&quot;: {
&quot;url&quot;: &quot;https://7-zip.org/a/7z$cleanVersion-x64.msi&quot;
},
&quot;32bit&quot;: {
&quot;url&quot;: &quot;https://7-zip.org/a/7z$cleanVersion.msi&quot;
}
}
},
&quot;shortcuts&quot;: [[&quot;7zFM.exe&quot;, &quot;7-Zip&quot;]]
}
</code></pre>
<h3 id="cache"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cache"></a>cache</h3>
<p>这个目录里面是下载的软件包安装程序等等缓存。</p>
<h3 id="persist"><a class="header-anchor" href="#persist"></a>persist</h3>
<p>这个目录存放的是这些软件的配置之类的文件，这些文件的特点是在软件更新时不变。</p>
<h3 id="shims"><a class="header-anchor" href="#shims"></a>shims</h3>
<p>这个目录是所有软件包的快捷方式。</p>
<p>每一个软件包都对应三个，</p>
<ol>
<li>package-name.exe</li>
<li>package-name.ps1</li>
<li>package-name.shim</li>
</ol>
<p>我其实有个疑问，我在命令行里输<code>package-name</code>，执行的是<code>package-name.exe</code>还是<code>package-name.ps1</code>呢？</p>
<p>简单的测试后发现，是根据使用的 shell 确定的，CMD 里面是<code>package-name.exe</code>，而 PowerShell 里面是 <code>package-name.ps1</code>。</p>
<h2 id="软件包管理哲学"><a class="header-anchor" href="#软件包管理哲学"></a>软件包管理哲学</h2>
<blockquote>
<h3 id="引用自-SpencerWoo"><a class="header-anchor" href="#引用自-SpencerWoo"></a>引用自 <a href="https://sspai.com/u/spencerwoo/posts" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SpencerWoo</a></h3>
<p>最后我还是想说一说：为什么我们推荐使用「包管理」？<br>
在写这篇文章之前我也看了我派上面对包管理工具介绍的文章，我觉得这些文章其实都没太讲清为什么我们需要用「包管理」这个看上去复杂难用的命令行工具去下载、管理我们的软件。毕竟现在的软件管理哲学是「我去 App Store 下一个不就行了嘛？」<br>
需要明确的是：包管理的设计初衷是为了方便开发者管理和搭建开发环境。用包管理工具能够快速的安装开发工具、开发依赖，从而免去复杂的路径、环境变量等信息的配置。而我们作为普通用户，实际上用「包管理」工具的过程，就是在借鉴这种「软件管理哲学」。<br>
但更重要的，也是更对我们用户安装基本软件的过程来说的，是我前文提到的：<br>
一行代码省去了搜索、筛选、下载等繁琐步骤<br>
安装方便、更新方便、卸载也方便<br>
同时也最大程度杜绝了流氓捆绑软件的安装（因为 Scoop 本身和 Scoop 安装过程参考的配置文件都是开源的，要安装什么一目了然）<br>
这些都是传统的「搜索 - 筛选 - 下载」的软件管理过程带来的复杂过程和安全隐患的极佳解决方法。<br>
尝试一下 Scoop 吧！如果你对这个简洁、克制却依旧强大的工具产生兴趣，你一定离高阶 Windows 用户不远了。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="推荐阅读"><a class="header-anchor" href="#推荐阅读"></a>推荐阅读</h2>
<p><a href="https://sspai.com/post/52496" target="_blank" rel="noopener">「一行代码」搞定软件安装卸载，用 Scoop 管理你的 Windows 软件</a></p>
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<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#安装"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶安装</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Buckets"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶Buckets</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#使用"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶使用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#推荐的软件包"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶推荐的软件包</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#aria2"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶aria2</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#7zip"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶7zip</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#adb"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶adb</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#bat"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶bat</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#cpu-z"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶cpu-z</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#fiddler"><span class="toc-number">3.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶fiddler</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#figlet"><span class="toc-number">3.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶figlet</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#git"><span class="toc-number">3.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶git</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#motrix"><span class="toc-number">3.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶motrix</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#neofetch"><span class="toc-number">3.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶neofetch</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#psutils"><span class="toc-number">3.11.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶psutils</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#snipaste"><span class="toc-number">3.12.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶snipaste</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#spacesniffer"><span class="toc-number">3.13.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶spacesniffer</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#teamviewer"><span class="toc-number">3.14.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶teamviewer</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#wget"><span class="toc-number">3.15.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶wget</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#win32-openssh"><span class="toc-number">3.16.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶win32-openssh</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#winscp"><span class="toc-number">3.17.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶winscp</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#软件结构"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶软件结构</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#apps"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶apps</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#buckets"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶buckets</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#cache"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶cache</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#persist"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶persist</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#shims"><span class="toc-number">4.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶shims</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#软件包管理哲学"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶软件包管理哲学</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#引用自-SpencerWoo"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶引用自 SpencerWoo</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#推荐阅读"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶推荐阅读</span></a></li></ol>
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