603 lines
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603 lines
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原创发表于 DavidZ Blog，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-NC-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
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¶回顾
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记得我最早的时候用 Visual Studio 写了第一个 Hel,">
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<a href="/categories/Productivity"><b>「
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</b>PRODUCTIVITY<b> 」</b></a>
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一月 31, 2020
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<h3 class="post-title animated fadeInDown"><a href="/beauty-is-productivity-windows-terminal/" title="颜值是第一生产力 - Windows Terminal" class="">颜值是第一生产力 - Windows Terminal</a>
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12k
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11 mins.
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<blockquote>
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<p>原创发表于 <a href="https://blog.davidz.cn">DavidZ Blog</a>，遵循 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CC 4.0 BY-NC-SA</a> 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2 id="回顾"><a class="header-anchor" href="#回顾">¶</a>回顾</h2>
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<p><img src="https://davidz-blog.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/cmd-1599486120.png" alt="CMD"></p>
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<p>记得我最早的时候用 Visual Studio 写了第一个 Hello World 程序，激动的点运行，出来个黑框一闪就过去了，啥也没看到。</p>
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<p><img src="https://davidz-blog.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/powershell-1599486121.png" alt="PowerShell"></p>
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<p>后来偶然了解 PowerShell，又变成了一个蓝色的框，还会有进度提示，红的，黑的，突兀得很😢。</p>
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<p><img src="https://davidz-blog.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/bash-1599486122.png" alt="bash"></p>
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<p>后来上了大学终于在 Ubuntu 上见到了 bash，完全改变了我对 Shell 的认知。</p>
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<p>傻傻分不清 Shell 和 Terminal 的我，激动的打开 Git 自带的 bash，它却长成了这样。</p>
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<p><img src="https://davidz-blog.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/gitbash-1599486123.png" alt="Git-Bash"></p>
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<p>一番优化之后也不是不能用，后来还入坑了 <a href="https://github.com/cmderdev/cmder" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cmder</a>，用于替代 <a href="https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Putty</a> 那个更加原始的 terminal。</p>
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<p>终于，2019 年微软开始进入开源世界，为我们带来了颜狗的胜利: <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/terminal" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Windows Terminal</a>。</p>
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<iframe
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src="//player.bilibili.com/player.html?aid=51700920&cid=90502402&page=1&high_quality=1&danmaku=0"
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allowfullscreen="true"
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width="100%"
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height="600"
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scrolling="no"
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frameborder="0"
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sandbox="allow-top-navigation allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts"
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>
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</iframe>
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<h2 id="下载-安装"><a class="header-anchor" href="#下载-安装">¶</a>下载&安装</h2>
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<blockquote>
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<p>截止 2020 年 2 月 1 号，Windows Terminal 还处在测试阶段，但是已经相对比较完善了，正常使用没有什么大问题了。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h3 id="方法-1-通过-Windows-Store"><a class="header-anchor" href="#方法-1-通过-Windows-Store">¶</a>方法 1: 通过 Windows Store</h3>
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<p><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/windows-terminal-preview/9n0dx20hk701" target="_blank" rel="noopener">点击这里安装</a></p>
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<h3 id="方法-2-通过-Github"><a class="header-anchor" href="#方法-2-通过-Github">¶</a>方法 2: 通过 Github</h3>
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<p>在 Github 的 <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Release</a> 中下载最新的那个双击安装就好啦，和方法 1 是一样的。</p>
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<h3 id="方法-3-通过-Scoop"><a class="header-anchor" href="#方法-3-通过-Scoop">¶</a>方法 3: 通过 Scoop</h3>
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<blockquote>
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<p><strong>不推荐</strong><br>
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用 wt 命令启动时会有一个 CMD 窗口，逼死强迫症。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Windows Terminal 在 Scoop 的 extras bucket 里面。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-powershell">scoop install windows-terminal
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="配置"><a class="header-anchor" href="#配置">¶</a>配置</h2>
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<p>通过配置，最终 terminal 可以长成这个样子。</p>
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<p><img src="https://davidz-blog.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/windows-terminal-1599486124.png" alt="windows terminal"></p>
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<p>现阶段只有 json 格式的配置文件，还没有图形化配置界面，项目组说正式版会有，最终应该会与 Vscode 的配置一样。</p>
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<p>根据官网给出的 <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/terminal/master/doc/cascadia/profiles.schema.json" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Profiles Schema</a>，我们可以很快的配置我们自己定制化的 Terminal。</p>
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<p>下面是我自己用的配置文件，</p>
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<pre><code class="language-json">{
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"$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
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"defaultProfile": "{807502AB-0C92-4DF7-9C7C-1E9F7A2A47DE}", // 默认配置的 GUID， 和下面的 profiles.list 中的一个相同
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"alwaysShowTabs": true, // 无论有几个 tab 是否都显示标签栏
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"requestedTheme": "dark", // "light","dark","system"
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"copyOnSelect": true, // 选择时复制
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"launchMode": "maximized", // "maximized","default"
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"profiles": {
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// shell 或程序的配置
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"defaults": {
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// 所有 shell 或程序配置的默认值
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"acrylicOpacity": 0.7, // 背景透明度
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"useAcrylic": true, // 是否启用透明背景
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"colorScheme": "One Half Dark", // 色彩配置，和下面 schemes 中的一个相同
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"fontFace": "JetBrains Mono", // 字体
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"fontSize": 12, // 字号
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"startingDirectory": ".", // 工作路径，设置成 “.” 可以实现在资源管理器的地址栏输入 wt 直接打开时工作目录是当前目录
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"closeOnExit": "always" // "never","graceful","always"
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},
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"list": [
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{
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"guid": "{807502AB-0C92-4DF7-9C7C-1E9F7A2A47DE}", // 唯一 GUID
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"name": "powershell core", // 在下拉框中显示的名称
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"commandline": "pwsh.exe -nol", // 执行的命令，-nol 的作用是不显示 Microsoft 那些提示
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"icon": "path/to/icon" // 标签栏和下拉菜单中显示的图标
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},
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{
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"guid": "{85933BC0-E5D2-4299-9FBC-AC6C9F6DFD46}",
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"name": "davidz.cn",
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"commandline": "ssh.exe root@davidz.cn", // ssh 也可以，用于代替 Putty
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"icon": "path/to/icon"
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}
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]
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},
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"schemes": [
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// 配色
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{
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"name": "One Half Dark", // 我最喜欢的主题，Vscode，VS，JetBrains 全家桶都有类似主题，关键词 atom one dark
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"background": "#282C34",
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"black": "#282C34",
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"blue": "#61AFEF",
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"brightBlack": "#5A6374",
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"brightBlue": "#61AFEF",
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"brightCyan": "#56B6C2",
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"brightGreen": "#98C379",
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"brightPurple": "#C678DD",
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"brightRed": "#E06C75",
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"brightWhite": "#DCDFE4",
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"brightYellow": "#E5C07B",
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"cyan": "#56B6C2",
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"foreground": "#DCDFE4",
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"green": "#98C379",
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"purple": "#C678DD",
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"red": "#E06C75",
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"white": "#DCDFE4",
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"yellow": "#E5C07B"
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}
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]
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}
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</code></pre>
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<blockquote>
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<p>GUID 可以使用这个<a href="https://www.guidgen.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">在线网站</a> 或者 Visual Studio 自带的工具 guidgen 生成。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h3 id="主题"><a class="header-anchor" href="#主题">¶</a>主题</h3>
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<p>除了我最喜欢的这个 One Half Dark，你还可以在<a href="https://github.com/mbadolato/iTerm2-Color-Schemes/tree/master/windowsterminal" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a>选择自己喜欢的主题，复制到配置文件即可。</p>
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<h3 id="字体"><a class="header-anchor" href="#字体">¶</a>字体</h3>
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<p>我推荐使用 JetBrains 推出的字体 <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/lp/mono/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">JetBrains Mono</a>，这是一款适合写代码的带连字的字体。类似的字体还有微软特意为 Windows Terminal 开发的 <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/cascadia-code" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cascadia Code</a>，或者是 Mozilla 主推由 Nikita Prokopov 开发的 <a href="https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fira Code</a>。</p>
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<p>这些字体都在积极的维护和更新中，除了双击安装之外，还可以使用 Scoop 安装方便更新。在 Scoop 的 nerd-fonts bucket 中。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-powershell">scoop install JetBrains-Mono
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="PowerShell-Core"><a class="header-anchor" href="#PowerShell-Core">¶</a><a href="https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PowerShell Core</a></h2>
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<p>PowerShell Core 是微软推出的基于 .Net Core 跨平台开源脚本语言，用于代替 PowerShell 和更加原始的 CMD。目前来看在国内基本上没什么影响力，国外相对好一些。除非大家都用 Windows Server 作为服务器，否则我感觉前景也不是很乐观。但是作为个人使用起来还是很好用的。</p>
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<p>PowerShell Core 也有自己的模块管理平台 <a href="https://www.powershellgallery.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PowerShell Gallery</a>。</p>
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<p>搜索</p>
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<pre><code class="language-powershell">Find-Module xxx
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</code></pre>
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<p>安装</p>
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<pre><code class="language-powershell">Install-Module xxx
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</code></pre>
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<p>卸载</p>
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<pre><code class="language-powershell">Uninstall-Module xxx
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</code></pre>
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<p>更新</p>
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<pre><code class="language-powershell">Update-Module xxx
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</code></pre>
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<p>类似于 <code>.bashrc</code> 之与 bash， <code>.zshrc</code> 之与 zsh，PowerShell 也有自己的配置文件<code>Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1</code>，可以通过<code>$PROFILE</code>访问。</p>
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<p>使用模块<code>Module</code>时，</p>
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<pre><code class="language-powershell">Import-Module xxx
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</code></pre>
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<p>如果每次启动 PowerShell 都想引用该插件，则在<code>Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1</code>中添加<code>Import-Module xxx</code>即可。</p>
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<h3 id="oh-my-posh"><a class="header-anchor" href="#oh-my-posh">¶</a><a href="https://github.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">oh-my-posh</a></h3>
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<p>这个是 oh-my-zsh 的 PowerShell 版本，但是只能管理主题。</p>
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<p><img src="https://davidz-blog.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/robbyrussel-1599486125.png" alt="robbyrussel"></p>
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<p>我比较喜欢的是这个 robbyrussel 主题，因为比较简洁。</p>
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<p><img src="https://davidz-blog.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/my-theme-1599486170.png" alt="my-theme"></p>
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<p>后来参考了<a href="https://github.com/spencerwooo/dotfiles#powershell" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dotfiles</a>，自己按照 oh-my-zsh 的 ys 主题魔改了一个，为了区分不同环境，我把最前面的符号改成了<code>PS</code>。</p>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/DavidZhang73/Config/blob/master/themes/MyTheme.psm1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">我的主题</a></p>
|
||
<h3 id="z"><a class="header-anchor" href="#z">¶</a><a href="https://github.com/vincpa/z" target="_blank" rel="noopener">z</a></h3>
|
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<p>类似于 autojump，实现原理就是每次 cd 都记录下来，然后 z name 会去匹配访问最多的那个路径，直接跳转到。非常实用。</p>
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||
<h2 id="Linux-or-Windows-Subsystem-for-Linux"><a class="header-anchor" href="#Linux-or-Windows-Subsystem-for-Linux">¶</a>Linux or <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></h2>
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||
<p>我用了好久好久的 bash 才终于知道了还有像 zsh，fish 这样更加人性化的 shell。从前者切换到后者，就像从 dos 切换到 windows 一样惊艳。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="ohmyzsh"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ohmyzsh">¶</a><a href="https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ohmyzsh</a></h3>
|
||
<p>这个是 zsh 的插件平台，支持添加主题，工具等等插件。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="z（内置）"><a class="header-anchor" href="#z（内置）">¶</a>z（内置）</h4>
|
||
<p>和上面 PowerShell 中的 z 是一样的。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="git（内置）"><a class="header-anchor" href="#git（内置）">¶</a>git（内置）</h4>
|
||
<p>这个主要是 git 命令的提示与自动补全（我没怎么用过）。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="sudo（内置）"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sudo（内置）">¶</a>sudo（内置）</h4>
|
||
<p>当你输入<code>apt update</code>提示无法获得锁的时候，按上键加两下<code>esc</code>就可以自动加上<code>sudo</code>啦。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="extract（内置）"><a class="header-anchor" href="#extract（内置）">¶</a>extract（内置）</h4>
|
||
<p>你背的过不同压缩文件的解压命令吗？？？背不过的话还是用用<code>extract</code>吧。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="zsh-autosuggestions"><a class="header-anchor" href="#zsh-autosuggestions">¶</a><a href="https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">zsh-autosuggestions</a></h4>
|
||
<p>根据命令历史记录自动建议，按右键自动补全。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="zsh-syntax-highlighting"><a class="header-anchor" href="#zsh-syntax-highlighting">¶</a><a href="https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting" target="_blank" rel="noopener">zsh-syntax-highlighting</a></h4>
|
||
<p>命令高亮。</p>
|
||
<p>具体的配置文件可以参考<a href="https://github.com/DavidZhang73/Config/blob/master/dotfiles/.zshrc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a>。同时，如果你和我一样闲的话，也可以写一个简单的<a href="https://github.com/DavidZhang73/Config" target="_blank" rel="noopener">一键配置脚本</a>，这样只需要有网络链接的环境下，就可以一键还原 zsh 环境了。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="dircolors"><a class="header-anchor" href="#dircolors">¶</a>dircolors</h3>
|
||
<p>在 WSL 里面使用默认的<code>.dircolors</code>可能会亮瞎眼，所以可以使用 <a href="https://github.com/seebi/dircolors-solarized" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dircolors-solarize</a>作为代替。</p>
|
||
<p>下载后放到用户目录里面，在<code>.zshrc</code>里面添加</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell">eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>即可。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="推荐阅读"><a class="header-anchor" href="#推荐阅读">¶</a>推荐阅读</h2>
|
||
<p><a href="https://dowww.spencerwoo.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dev on Windows with WSL</a> - 强烈推荐</p>
|
||
<p><a href="https://sspai.com/post/52907" target="_blank" rel="noopener">5 个 PowerShell 主题，让你的 Windows 终端更好看</a></p>
|
||
<p><a href="https://sspai.com/post/52868" target="_blank" rel="noopener">告别 Windows 终端的难看难用，从改造 PowerShell 的外观开始</a></p>
|
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|
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<h4>目录</h4>
|
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<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#回顾"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶回顾</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#下载-安装"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶下载&安装</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#方法-1-通过-Windows-Store"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶方法 1: 通过 Windows Store</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#方法-2-通过-Github"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶方法 2: 通过 Github</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#方法-3-通过-Scoop"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶方法 3: 通过 Scoop</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#配置"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶配置</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#主题"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶主题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#字体"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶字体</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#PowerShell-Core"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶PowerShell Core</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#oh-my-posh"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶oh-my-posh</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#z"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶z</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Linux-or-Windows-Subsystem-for-Linux"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶Linux or Windows Subsystem for Linux</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ohmyzsh"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶ohmyzsh</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#z（内置）"><span class="toc-number">5.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶z（内置）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#git（内置）"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶git（内置）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#sudo（内置）"><span class="toc-number">5.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶sudo（内置）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#extract（内置）"><span class="toc-number">5.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶extract（内置）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#zsh-autosuggestions"><span class="toc-number">5.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶zsh-autosuggestions</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#zsh-syntax-highlighting"><span class="toc-number">5.1.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶zsh-syntax-highlighting</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#dircolors"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶dircolors</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#推荐阅读"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">¶推荐阅读</span></a></li></ol>
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